How we calculate
Every number you see comes from the official tax authority publication for that country. Here's exactly how each calculator works, where the data comes from, and how we keep it current.
The 3-step pipeline
- Source extraction. We monitor 30+ official tax authority feeds (IRS, HMRC, BMF, CRA, ATO, OECD bulletins, etc.) and major budget speeches/announcements.
- Manual verification. Every rate change is read in the original document, verified against at least one independent source (tax-firm interpretation, news), and dated.
- Calculator update. Code change is reviewed, deployed, and the country's
last_updatedtimestamp is set. The "Updated X ago" badge reflects this in real time.
Update frequency
- Major tax-year transitions: within 7 days of new fiscal year (US Apr, UK Apr, AU Jul, IN Apr, DE Jan, etc.)
- Mid-year rate changes: within 14 days of effective date
- Bracket inflation adjustments: within 30 days of authority publication (typically late autumn for next-year brackets)
- Authority guidance updates: within 30 days when material to calculator output
What our calculators DO compute
- National / federal income tax based on official brackets
- Capital gains tax with country-specific holding-period rules
- Crypto-specific gains where rules differ from general capital gains
- VAT / GST forward and reverse calculation at standard / reduced / zero rates
- Self-employment tax including social-security contributions where applicable
What our calculators DO NOT compute
- State / regional / municipal layers (US state, German Solidaritätszuschlag, Canadian provincial — except where called out)
- Surtaxes and means-testing (US NIIT, UK High Income Child Benefit, etc.)
- Personal allowances based on family situation (varies by country and year)
- Specific deductions (education, charity, mortgage interest)
- AMT, MAT, AET, or other alternative minimum tax regimes
For any of the above, consult a qualified tax professional or your country's official online tax filing tool.
Sources by country
🇺🇸 United States
- income tax: IRS Rev. Proc. 2024-40 — 2025 tax year brackets, returns filed April 2026.
Last updated: 2026-04-15 - capital gains: IRS Topic No. 409
Last updated: 2026-04-15 - crypto: IRS Notice 2014-21 + Rev. Rul. 2023-14 — Form 1099-DA reporting begins 2025 tax year.
Last updated: 2026-04-20 - self employment: IRS Self-Employed Tax Center
Last updated: 2026-04-10 - retirement: IRS Retirement Topics
Last updated: 2026-03-01 - refund estimate: IRS Form 1040
Last updated: 2026-04-15 - property: ATTOM Data Solutions 2024 ranking — Effective rates by state — varies within state by county/district.
Last updated: 2026-01-15 - inheritance: IRS Form 706 — 2025 federal exemption $13.99M. Sunsets to ~$7M after 2025 unless extended.
Last updated: 2026-01-01
🇬🇧 United Kingdom
- income tax: HMRC Income Tax rates — 2025/26 tax year. Personal allowance £12,570 frozen through 2027/28.
Last updated: 2026-04-06 - capital gains: HMRC CGT rates — Rates raised 30 Oct 2024: 18% basic, 24% higher.
Last updated: 2026-04-06 - crypto: HMRC Cryptoassets Manual — Section 104 pooling mandatory.
Last updated: 2026-04-06 - vat gst: HMRC VAT — Standard rate 20%, reduced 5%, zero-rated for certain goods.
Last updated: 2026-04-01 - self employment: HMRC Self-Assessment
Last updated: 2026-04-06 - vehicle: GOV.UK Vehicle tax rates
Last updated: 2026-04-01 - inheritance: HMRC Inheritance Tax — Nil-rate band £325,000.
Last updated: 2026-04-06 - retirement: GOV.UK pension allowance — Annual allowance £60,000. 25% basic-rate top-up automatic.
Last updated: 2026-04-06 - property: GOV.UK Council Tax — England Council Tax bands A-H. Single-occupier 25% discount.
Last updated: 2026-04-06 - refund estimate: HMRC Self-Assessment
Last updated: 2026-04-06
🇩🇪 Germany
- income tax: BMF Einkommensteuer — 2026 Grundfreibetrag €12,084. Progressive rates 14–45%.
Last updated: 2026-01-01 - capital gains: §20 EStG Abgeltungsteuer — Flat 25% Abgeltungsteuer + Solidaritätszuschlag.
Last updated: 2026-01-01 - crypto: §23 EStG + BMF circular 10 May 2022 — Held > 1 year tax-free. €1,000 Freigrenze 2025.
Last updated: 2025-05-10 - vat gst: BMF Umsatzsteuer — Standard 19%, reduced 7%.
Last updated: 2026-01-01 - self employment: EStG Anlage S
Last updated: 2026-01-01 - vehicle: Kraftfahrzeugsteuergesetz
Last updated: 2025-09-01 - inheritance: ErbStG
Last updated: 2025-12-01 - property: Grundsteuer-Reform — Grundsteuer post-2025 reform. Hebesatz varies by municipality 200-700%.
Last updated: 2025-04-01 - retirement: Riester / Rürup-Rente — Riester capped at €2,100/yr. Rürup deductible up to €27,566.
Last updated: 2026-01-01
🇮🇳 India
- income tax: Income Tax Department India — New regime FY 2025-26: 0–25% slabs, ₹7L rebate. Old regime co-exists.
Last updated: 2026-02-01 - capital gains: Section 111A & 112 — STCG 20%, LTCG 12.5% (post-July 2024 Budget rate harmonization).
Last updated: 2025-07-23 - crypto: Section 115BBH (Finance Act 2022) — Flat 30% on VDA gains + 1% TDS on transfers > ₹50k.
Last updated: 2026-02-01 - vat gst: GST Council — Slabs 0/5/12/18/28%. Compensation cess on luxuries.
Last updated: 2025-07-01 - self employment: Income Tax Section 44ADA — Presumptive 50% under 44ADA for professionals (turnover < ₹75L).
Last updated: 2026-02-01 - property: Municipal property tax (varies by state)
Last updated: 2025-04-01 - vehicle: Motor Vehicles Act + state RTO
Last updated: 2025-04-01 - retirement: NPS / Section 80CCD — 80C ₹1.5L + 80CCD(1B) extra ₹50,000 (NPS only). Old regime only.
Last updated: 2026-02-01 - inheritance: Income Tax Act 1961 — No estate or inheritance tax (abolished 1985). Future capital gains apply on sale.
Last updated: 2025-04-01 - refund estimate: Income Tax e-filing
Last updated: 2026-02-01
🇨🇦 Canada
- income tax: CRA tax brackets
Last updated: 2026-01-01 - capital gains: CRA Capital Gains — 50% inclusion rate (66.67% proposal deferred).
Last updated: 2026-01-01 - crypto: CRA Digital Currency — ACB averaging method.
Last updated: 2026-04-15 - vat gst: CRA GST/HST — GST 5% federal + provincial HST/PST.
Last updated: 2025-04-01 - self employment: CRA Self-Employment
Last updated: 2026-01-01
🇦🇺 Australia
- income tax: ATO Income Tax — 2025-26 rates 0/16/30/37/45% at $18,200 / $45,000 / $135,000 / $190,000.
Last updated: 2026-04-01 - capital gains: ATO CGT — 50% discount for individuals holding > 12 months.
Last updated: 2026-04-01 - crypto: ATO Crypto Asset Investments
Last updated: 2026-04-01 - vat gst: ATO GST — GST 10% standard.
Last updated: 2025-07-01 - self employment: ATO Sole Traders
Last updated: 2026-04-01 - vehicle: State motor vehicle registration
Last updated: 2025-07-01
🇫🇷 France
- income tax: DGFiP — Barème 2025 — Barème 2025 sur revenus 2024. 5 tranches 0/11/30/41/45%.
Last updated: 2026-01-15 - capital gains: DGFiP — PFU — PFU (flat tax) 30% — option barème progressif possible.
Last updated: 2026-01-15 - crypto: BOFiP — Actifs numériques — PFU 30% sur cessions habituelles >€305/an.
Last updated: 2026-01-15 - vat gst: DGFiP — TVA — TVA 20% standard, 10/5.5/2.1% réduits.
Last updated: 2026-01-01 - inheritance: service-public — succession — Abattement €100k par enfant. Tarif progressif 5-45%.
Last updated: 2026-01-15
🇳🇱 Netherlands
- income tax: Belastingdienst — Tarief Box 1 — Box 1 2025: 35.82/37.48/49.50%.
Last updated: 2026-01-01 - capital gains: Belastingdienst — Box 3 — Box 3 deemed return method. Reform pending 2027.
Last updated: 2026-01-01 - vat gst: Belastingdienst — BTW — BTW 21% standard, 9% reduced.
Last updated: 2026-01-01
🇪🇸 Spain
- income tax: Agencia Tributaria — IRPF — IRPF 2025 — combinado estatal + autonómico. CCAA varían.
Last updated: 2026-01-15 - capital gains: AEAT — Renta del ahorro — Tarifa graduada 19-28% sobre ganancias y rendimientos de capital mobiliario.
Last updated: 2026-01-15 - vat gst: AEAT — IVA — IVA 21% general, 10/4% reducidos.
Last updated: 2026-01-01
🇮🇹 Italy
- income tax: Agenzia delle Entrate — IRPEF — IRPEF 2025 post-riforma — 3 scaglioni 23/35/43%.
Last updated: 2026-01-15 - capital gains: Agenzia delle Entrate — Capital gain — Imposta sostitutiva 26% (12.5% titoli di Stato).
Last updated: 2026-01-15 - vat gst: Agenzia delle Entrate — IVA — IVA 22% ordinaria, 10/5/4% agevolate.
Last updated: 2026-01-01
🇯🇵 Japan
- income tax: NTA — Income tax brackets — National 7 brackets 5-45% + 10% resident tax.
Last updated: 2026-01-15 - capital gains: NTA — Capital gains — Listed shares 20.315% flat. Real estate has separate rules.
Last updated: 2026-01-15 - crypto: NTA — Crypto guidance — Crypto = miscellaneous income, taxed at progressive rates 5-45% + 10% resident.
Last updated: 2025-04-01 - vat gst: NTA — Consumption tax — Shouhizei 10% standard, 8% on food/newspapers.
Last updated: 2026-01-01
🇧🇷 Brazil
- income tax: Receita Federal — IRPF — IRPF 2025 — 5 faixas 0/7.5/15/22.5/27.5%.
Last updated: 2026-02-01 - capital gains: Receita Federal — Ganho de capital — 4 faixas 15-22.5% sobre bens móveis.
Last updated: 2026-02-01 - crypto: IN RFB 1.888/2019 — Isenção até R$35k/mês de vendas. Acima, 15-22.5%.
Last updated: 2025-09-01 - vat gst: CONFAZ — ICMS — ICMS estadual 17-19%. Reforma tributária IBS/CBS prevista 2026+.
Last updated: 2025-04-01
🇲🇽 Mexico
- income tax: SAT — ISR — ISR 2025 — tarifa anual 11 tramos hasta 35%.
Last updated: 2026-01-01 - capital gains: SAT — Ganancias — Sin tasa fija — se acumula al ISR.
Last updated: 2026-01-01 - vat gst: SAT — IVA — IVA 16%. 8% en zona fronteriza norte.
Last updated: 2026-01-01
🇫🇮 Finland
- income tax: Verohallinto — Veroprosentit — Valtion vero + kunnallisvero. Asteikko 12.64-44.25% + ka. kunnallinen 7.44%.
Last updated: 2026-01-01 - capital gains: Verohallinto — Pääomatulot — 30% ≤ €30k, 34% yli. Hankintameno-olettama 20-40%.
Last updated: 2026-01-01 - crypto: Verohallinto — Virtuaalivaluutat — Pääomatuloa — 30/34%. Tappiot vähennyskelpoisia.
Last updated: 2025-01-01 - vat gst: Verohallinto — ALV — ALV 25.5% (nostettu 1.9.2024), 14% reduced, 10%.
Last updated: 2024-09-01
🇸🇪 Sweden
- income tax: Skatteverket — Kommunalskatt ~32.41% snitt + statlig 20% över skiktgräns SEK 643,100.
Last updated: 2026-01-01 - capital gains: Skatteverket — Kapital — Kapitalskatt 30% flat. ISK-konto har schablonbeskattning.
Last updated: 2026-01-01 - crypto: Skatteverket — Kryptovaluta — Kapitalskatt 30%. Endast 70% av förluster avdragsgilla.
Last updated: 2025-04-01 - vat gst: Skatteverket — Moms — MOMS 25% standard, 12/6% reduced.
Last updated: 2026-01-01
🇸🇬 Singapore
- income tax: IRAS — Income tax rates — YA 2024+ — 13 brackets 0-24% resident.
Last updated: 2025-04-01 - capital gains: IRAS — No CGT — NO capital gains tax for individuals. Active traders may be taxed as trade.
Last updated: 2025-04-01 - vat gst: IRAS — GST — GST 9% (raised from 8% on 1 Jan 2024).
Last updated: 2024-01-01
Found an error?
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